The changing face of Farming : the UK and EU

The changing face of Farming : the UK and EU

the UK :
British farming developed over centuries.
-As technology has improved the physical factors have become less important; more important are the commercial factors.
-Where to sell the product is a far greater influence than where to grow it.
-The typical farm in Britain today emplyos fewer workers than in the past.
-it's more mechanised.
-As mechanisation and demand for food increased, farmers were encouraged to join up (amalgamate) their farms.
-Farmer were encouraged to sign contracts with major supermarkets and freezing and canning plants.
-The use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides increased in order to improve yields.
As farming has modernised in the MEDCs the application of technology has produced great improvements, as well as some dangers.

FARMING AND FAMINE

Farming and Famine

Introduction

•Farming is the world’s major primary industry.
•LEDCs at risk from famine.
•An adult needs 2300 calories per day.
•High consumption of calorie : overweigh – Heart diesese and stroke.
•A lack of calorie and the right vitamins : malnutrition – weak and sick.

THE CAUSE OF FAMINE

Drought :
When the rains fail, harvests can be destroyed and farmers are left without food.

Desertification :
Deforestration result in land that easily eroded and become unproductive.

War :
Wars can destroy farmings as people leave the land to fight or escape.
Money spent on weapons rather than on Agriculture.
e.g. Somalia in 1992

Poverty :
Landless people do not have land to farm on.

Trade :
Poor prices for crops which they export.
Pay a high price for manufactured goods which they import from the developed world

International Debt :
LEDCs owe money to the MEDCs.
Most of their income to pay off debt and intersest. Little to spend on farming.

WHAT CAN BE DONE?
MEDCs help the poorer world.
To “write off” some or all of international debt.
Fair trade
e/g Maya Gold – selling an organic chocolate from Third world producers.

TYPE OF FARMING
Commercial Farming :
The growing of crops and rearing of animals for sale at markets.
Mostly located at MEDCs.

Subsistence Farming :
The growing of just sufficient crops and the rearing of just enough animals to feed a family.
Mostly in LEDCs.

Intensive Farming :
Uses a small amount of land from which high yields are obtained.

Extensive Farming :
Uses large areas of land from which lower yields are obtained.

Farming in rich and poor countries :
•In LEDCs Most people work in the fields to provide enough food for themselves.
•If there are any crops left over, they take them to the local market for sale.
•Most of the products are produced under intensive commercial conditions in Europe.

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TYPES OF EMPLOYMENT

TYPES OF EMPLOYMENT

Anang P.Setiawan

http://smisgeography.blogspot.com

TYPES OF EMPLOYMENT :

Primary Industries
These involve the extraction of raw materials to be supplied to other industries.
e.g. Farming, Forestry, Fishing, Mining

Secondary Industries

These are where raw materials are assembled or manufactured to produce finished goods.
e.g. Food processing, Car assembly, Manufacturing, Building.

Tertiary Industries

These are jobs which involve providing goods and services for the public.
e.g. Transport, Retail, Medicine, Catering

Quaternary Industries
These include people who provide specialist information and expertise to all the above sectors.
e.g. Research, Design engineering, Computer programming.

Employment Structure
Employment structure : The percentage of people employed in each type of industry. It varies widely between countries and over time.

MEDCs and LEDCs
Usually MEDCs have a higher proportion of the work-force employed in Secondary and Tertiary industries.

LEDCs tend to have a higher percentage employed in Primary industries like farming.

Development in the Economy
As a country develops even further its economy, the proportion employed in primary industry decreases and secondary employement increases. As the economy develops further, numbers in primary and secondary industries fall, and tertiary becomes the largest employment sector.

Informal Employment (Black Economy)
-Includes selling goods on the street, shoe-shining service, etc.
-No taxes are paid.
-Ilegal
-Often carried out by quite young children.

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